Color blindness occurs due to several factors:
- Genetic inheritance: Most commonly X-linked, affecting males more than females
- Cone cell abnormalities: Missing or malfunctioning color-detecting cells
- Eye injuries or diseases: Damage to the retina or optic nerve
- Aging: Natural deterioration of color perception
The most common form is red-green color blindness, where people have difficulty distinguishing between these colors. Complete color blindness (achromatopsia) is rare, affecting about 1 in 30,000 people. Modern technology, including special glasses and digital tools, can help color-blind individuals navigate daily life more easily.