Color blindness occurs due to several factors, with genetics being the most common cause. The condition typically results from:
- Inherited genetic mutations affecting cone cells, particularly on the X chromosome
- Damage to the retina or optic nerve from injury or disease
- Age-related changes in the eye
- Certain medications or chemical exposure
The most common form is red-green color blindness, affecting approximately 8% of males and 0.5% of females. Complete color blindness (achromatopsia) is rare, affecting about 1 in 30,000 people. Color blindness can range from mild to severe, and while there’s no cure, special lenses and technology can help affected individuals distinguish colors better.