Color blindness occurs due to several factors, with genetics being the most common cause. The condition typically results from:
- Genetic inheritance – particularly X-linked mutations affecting males more frequently
- Damage to the retina or optic nerve from disease or injury
- Age-related changes in the eye
- Certain medications or chemical exposure
The most common form is red-green color blindness, where people have difficulty distinguishing between these colors. Complete color blindness (achromatopsia) is rare, affecting about 1 in 30,000 people. Color blindness cannot typically be cured, but special lenses and technology can help affected individuals better distinguish colors in their daily lives.