The Aurora Borealis displays different colors based on which atmospheric gases are struck by solar particles and at what altitude the collisions occur. Each color represents a specific interaction:
- Green: Oxygen atoms at 60-150 miles altitude (most common)
- Red: Oxygen at higher altitudes (150-300 miles)
- Blue/Purple: Nitrogen at lower altitudes
- Pink: A mixture of green and red emissions
The process begins when charged particles from the sun collide with gases in Earth’s atmosphere, causing them to become excited and release photons of light. The intensity and mix of colors can vary depending on solar activity and atmospheric conditions.