Leaves change color in autumn due to a complex chemical process triggered by shorter days and cooler temperatures. During summer, leaves contain high levels of chlorophyll, which gives them their green color. As days shorten, trees stop producing chlorophyll, revealing other pigments:
- Carotenoids create yellow and orange colors
- Anthocyanins produce red and purple hues
- Tannins result in brown colors
The timing and intensity of fall colors depend on various environmental factors including temperature, light, and soil moisture. The most vibrant displays typically occur when there are sunny days and cool nights without freezing temperatures.