Color blindness occurs when one or more types of cone cells in the retina don’t function properly. The most common forms are:
- Red-green colorblindness (deuteranomaly or protanomaly) – difficulty distinguishing between reds and greens
- Blue-yellow colorblindness (tritanomaly) – rare condition affecting blue and yellow perception
- Complete colorblindness (achromatopsia) – extremely rare, seeing only in grayscale
Color blindness is usually genetic and more common in males due to the X-chromosome link. About 8% of males and 0.5% of females have some form of color vision deficiency. While there’s no cure, special glasses and digital tools can help affected individuals navigate color-dependent tasks.